كتبت/آيات مصطفى أبوالحسن
يُعد شهر رجب من الأشهر الحُرُم التي نستعد بها لإستقبال شهر رمضان الفضيل “رجب”الأصَم: سُمي بذلك لأنه كان لا يُسمع فيه قعقعة السلاح ولا صوت القتال، لتعظيم العرب له وتوقفهم عن الحروب فيه.
وعن فضل هذا الشهر الكريم حدثتنا وأفادتنا الدكتورة/ فتحية الحنفي أستاذ الفقه المقارن بجامعة الأزهر الشريف،
قال تعالي”إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِندَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ ۚ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ ۚ وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ ” (٣٦) التوبة
من المعلوم أن السنة القمرية هي الأصل عند الله ، وأن السنة تتكون من اثني عشر شهرا ، منها أربعة أشهر حُرم ، ذو القعدة ، ذو الحجة ، المحرم ، ورجب ما بين جمادي الآخرة وشعبان
ويسمي رجب مُضر ، لأن مُضر هي التي كانت تعظمه وتحرمه، أي تحرم فيه القتال، ومُضر هي “القبيلة” التي ينتمي إليها رسولنا الكريم سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، وكانت بعض القبائل تحول رجب إلي شهر آخر وتضع مكانه صفر أوغيره من الشهور ليحلوا ما حُرم فيه من الحروب والقتال والعكس، فنزل قول الله تعالي ” إنما النسيء زيادة في الكفر ….”(٣٧) سورة التوبة
روي عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال . خطب رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم في حجة الوداع بمنى في أوسط أيام التشريق ، فقال :” يا أيها الناس ، إن الزمان قد استدار كهيئته يوم خلق الله السموات والأرض ، إن عدة الشهور عند الله اثنا عشر شهرا ، منها أربعة حرم أولهن رجب مضر بين جمادي وشعبان ، وذي القعدة ، وذو الحجة ، والمحرم ” صحيح البخاري ، وكان هذا ردا علي ما كان العرب يفعلونه في الجاهلية ، حيث يؤخرون شهر المحُرم إلي شهر آخر كصفر ليحلوا القتال فيه ، وهذا فيه تغيير لشرع الله ، فكان قوله تعالي ” إنما النسيء زيادة في الكفر “سورة التوبة فالآية(٣٧) تنهي عن التلاعب بالزمان والمكان المخصصين للعبادة والتحريم ويعتبرونه من ضلالات الكفر التي تخرج عن دين الله .
و (النسيء)،هو التأخير و هي عادة كانت تفعلها العرب في الجاهلية ليتسنى لهم القتال في الأشهر الحُرم، حيث يحلون ما حرم الله ويحرمون ما أحل، ويتلاعبون بالشهور، مما يدل على تجرؤهم على تحريف شرع الله والتلاعب به،
وأوضحت دكتورة/ فتحية الحنفي فضل الأشهر الحُرم
إن للأشهر الحُرم مكانة عظيمة عند الله سبحانه ، وهي من أحب الأيام إليه سبحانه ، ولذلك اختارها وشرفها علي غيرها لعظيم مكانتها ، ففي ذي القعدة الاستعداد لأداء فريضة الحج ، وفي ذي الحجة يوم الحج الأكبر وقفة عرفات وأيام التشريق ، وفي المحُرم حيث نجي الله سبحانه موسي عليه السلام ، سُمي أيضا رجب هذا الشهر الأصب ، لأن الله يصب فيه من الرزق والخير صبا ، وكانوا يجدونه في رجب ولذا كانوا يكثرون من الدعاء لأن الله سبحانه يصب فيه من بركاته وقبوله للدعوات.
وتابعت ،دكتورة /فتحية الحنفي أستاذالفقه المقارن بجامعة الأزهر الشريف، شهر رجب يمثل بداية تحول روحي هام لكل مسلم ، وفرصة للتوقف وإعادة ترتيب الأولويات والتركيز في لب العبادة ، فإنه يمثل بداية مسار تحضيري لمدة ثلاثة أشهر يؤدي إلي شهر رمضان ، ويمنح المؤمنين فرصة للتواصل مع الله سبحانه وتعالي
فشهر رجب هو بداية مواسم الخير ، ففيه تتضاعف الحسنات ،ويضاعف فيه الأجر، لذا يستحب فيها الإكثار من العمل الصالح من صلاة وصيام وتلاوة القرآن وهذا أعظم أجرا عند الله تعالي ،
كما وجب ترك الظلم في هذه الأشهر الحُرم ، لأنه أعظم خطيئة و وزرا من الظلم فيما سواها ، وإن كان الظلم علي كل حال عظيما ، ولكن الله يُعظم من أمره ما شاء،فوجب النهي عن ارتكاب المعاصي والذنوب في هذه الأشهر الحُرم.
واختتمت د.الحنفي حديثها، فوجب علي كل مسلم أن يستعد لاستقبال هذه الأشهر المباركة بالإكثار من فعل الطاعات والصدقات ، ولذا يقولون إن شهر رجب للزرع ، وشعبان للسقي ، ورمضان للحصاد .
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