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استعرضت الدكتورة منال عوض، وزيرة التنمية المحلية والقائم بأعمال وزير البيئة، تقريرًا حول جهود تحسين جودة الهواء خلال عام 2025، مشيرة إلى أن وزارة البيئة بذلت جهودًا كبيرة في مجال الرصد البيئي لمستويات ملوثات الهواء المحيط، وانبعاثات المنشآت، وعوادم المركبات، ومستويات الضوضاء المختلفة، بهدف الوقوف على أنواع التلوث المرصودة وأسبابه ومصادره، وتحديد المناطق الأكثر تأثرًا به، لوضع الخطط والبرامج اللازمة لتحسين نوعية الهواء على مستوى محافظات الجمهورية، تحقيقًا لمستهدفات استراتيجية التنمية المستدامة ومؤشر التحقق الرئيسي الخاص بجودة الهواء.
وأوضحت الدكتورة منال عوض أن هذا المؤشر يتضمن خفض نسبة التلوث بالجسيمات الصلبة ذات القطر أقل من 10 ميكروميتر بالقاهرة الكبرى والدلتا، والوصول إلى 50% بحلول عام 2030 مقارنة بسنة الأساس 2015، حيث كانت 157 ميكروجرام/م³ وانخفضت لتصبح 102 ميكروجرام/م³.
وأشارت الدكتورة منال عوض إلى أن عدد محطات رصد ملوثات الهواء بالشبكة القومية لرصد ملوثات الهواء المحيط بلغ 121 محطة موزعة على مستوى الجمهورية، لافتة إلى العمل على رفع كفاءة الشبكة، والدفع بالمعمل المتنقل لرصد جودة الهواء إلى المنطقة المحيطة بشركات إنتاج الغاز الطبيعي بمدينة إدكو، وكذلك إلى منطقة الامتداد الشرقي بمدينة بدر لمدة أسبوع لرصد ملوثات الهواء المحيط.
وأضافت د. منال عوض أن عدد المنشآت الصناعية المرتبطة بالشبكة القومية لرصد الانبعاثات الصناعية بلغ 96 منشأة بعدد 501 نقطة رصد، تشمل قطاعات صناعية كبرى مثل صناعة الأسمنت، وتصنيع الأسمدة، وتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية، والحديد والصلب.
وأوضحت الوزيرة أنه تم الانتهاء من أعمال المرحلة الثالثة من بروتوكول التعاون مع مركز الدراسات بكلية الهندسة لإعداد منظومة حصر وجرد الانبعاثات من المنشآت الثابتة، وإعداد التقرير النهائي الذي تضمن منهجية العمل، وتقدير أحمال انبعاثات ملوثات الهواء لكل ملوث (طن/سنة)، وتحليل مساهمة كل قطاع في الأحمال الكلية، وتحديد أكثر القطاعات تأثيرًا لكل ملوث على حدة.
وفيما يخص منظومة الإنذار المبكر لملوثات الهواء، أوضحت سيادتها أنه يتم التحديث اليومي لصفحة التنبؤ بنوعية الهواء على الموقع الإلكتروني لوزارة البيئة، وإعداد ومراجعة التقارير اليومية، والتي تشمل 7 تقارير إنذار مبكر يوميًا عن تأثير العوامل الجوية على نوعية الهواء، إضافة إلى تقارير نمذجة تشتت ملوثات المداخن المرتبطة بالشبكة القومية لرصد الانبعاثات الصناعية بالقاهرة الكبرى والدلتا، وتقارير نقاط الحرق اليومية والخرائط المصاحبة لها.وأضافت أنه يتم دراسة جميع المناطق المأهولة بالسكان وذات الحساسية البيئية على مستوى الجمهورية، وتشمل القاهرة الكبرى والدلتا والصعيد والقناة وسيناء والساحل الشمالي والصحراء الغربية وساحل البحر الأحمر، بعدد 58 نقطة دراسة، مع تحليل وتقييم بيانات الرصد، والتنبؤ بتأثيرات العوامل الجوية، خاصة الأنشطة المرتبطة بحرق المخلفات الزراعية والبلدية.
وأوضحت الدكتورة منال عوض أن عدد محطات رصد مستويات الضوضاء بالشبكة القومية بلغ 43 محطة، بهدف تحقيق مستهدفات البعد البيئي في استراتيجية التنمية المستدامة 2030، والاستفادة من النتائج في إعداد الحلول الاستراتيجية للحد من الضوضاء، مع تحديد مواقع بمحافظة السويس لتركيب محطة جديدة بحلول عام 2026.
وأضافت أنه يتم إعداد التقرير السنوي للشبكة لعام 2024، متضمنًا مؤشرات مستويات الضوضاء وتحليل النتائج والتوصيات، إلى جانب إجراء قياسات داخل بيئة العمل للهواء ومستويات الضوضاء في بعض مواقع شركة مصر للطيران بمطار القاهرة، بما يسهم في تحديث السجل البيئي والتأكد من الالتزام بالحدود المسموح بها، فضلًا عن المشاركة في لجنة الهيئة المصرية العامة للمواصفات والجودة لإعداد المواصفات القياسية المصرية في مجال الصوتيات والضوضاء.
وفي إطار الحد من تلوث الهواء بعادم المركبات، أوضحت الوزيرة أن الإدارة العامة لعادم المركبات نفذت خلال عام 2025 عدد 1109 حملات فحص على الطرق، أسفرت عن فحص 15392 مركبة، وإعادة فحص 4785 مركبة غير مطابقة، واستكمال إجراءات التصالح مع 5027 مركبة، مع توريد المبالغ لصالح صندوق حماية البيئة.كما تم تنفيذ برنامج فحص سنوي لأتوبيسات هيئة النقل العام بالقاهرة شمل 18 جراجًا، وأسفر عن فحص 2467 أتوبيسًا، منها 2149 أتوبيس ديزل و318 أتوبيس غاز طبيعي، مع إعداد تقارير فنية شاملة ورفعها لرئاسة الهيئة.
وأكدت الوزيرة استمرار النجاحات في مواجهة نوبات تلوث الهواء الحادة المعروفة إعلاميًا بـ”السحابة السوداء”، حيث تم فتح 655 موقعًا لتجميع قش الأرز، وتسجيل 259 موقعًا لإصدار تراخيص جمع ونقل المخلفات الزراعية، وإصدار 107 تراخيص، مع دعم المزارعين بعدد 125 معدة.وأضافت أنه تم تجميع 2.7 مليون طن من قش الأرز بمحافظات القاهرة الكبرى والدلتا، وحصاد 466367 فدانًا من الذرة، والتفتيش على 108 منشآت كبرى، وتنفيذ حملات فحص عوادم أسفرت عن فحص عشرات الآلاف من المركبات، وتنفيذ 198 ندوة و1100 حملة توعوية، وتحرير 781 محضر مخالفة للحرق المكشوف.
وأوضحت أن نتائج رصد جودة الهواء خلال الفترة من 1 سبتمبر حتى 3 نوفمبر 2025 أظهرت تحسنًا ملحوظًا بنسبة 97% بالقاهرة الكبرى، و95% بالدلتـا، و96% بمحافظة أسيوط، مع رصد 1116 نقطة حرق، بانخفاض كبير عن العام السابق. مضيفة أن الجهود أسفرت عن تجنب انبعاثات تقدر بنحو 43580 طنًا، مع العمل على تدشين خطة استجابة متدرجة بنهاية 2025 بالتعاون مع البنك الدولي.
وفيما يخص التشجير، أشارت الوزيرة إلى استمرار تنفيذ مبادرة “100 مليون شجرة”، حيث تم زراعة نحو مليون و800 ألف شجرة، ومتابعة استدامة زراعتها، والتعاون مع وزارات الزراعة والإسكان بشأن الغابات الشجرية، والتي بلغ عددها 66 غابة، إضافة إلى تشجير منطقة شق الثعبان وزراعة 400 شجرة حتى الآن، وإنشاء حزام شجري بطول 1350 مترًا. كما تم تطوير مشتل الوزارة بالقاهرة الجديدة، والمشاركة في المبادرات الرئاسية، ودراسة تحويل ورد النيل، ووضع المعايير الاسترشادية لملوثات التربة، والمشاركة في تقييم مشروعات مبادرة الشرق الأوسط الأخضر.
واختتمت الوزيرة بالإشارة إلى استمرار التقدم في مشروع “إدارة تلوث الهواء وتغير المناخ في القاهرة الكبرى” الممول من البنك الدولي، بجميع مكوناته والذي شمل تشغيل نظام التنبؤ بنوعية الهواء، والتعاقد على توريد 100 حافلة كهربائية، ، وتطوير منظومة المخلفات، وتم تنفيذ أكثر من 70% من الأعمال الإنشائية للمرفق المتكامل لإدارة المخلفات بالعاشر من رمضان ، كما بلغت نسبة تنفيذ المحطات الوسيطة لنقل المخلفات بالمرصفا والخانكة إلى 85%، بالإضافة الى تصميم مبادرات لتغيير السلوك، إلى جانب إعداد دليل إرشادي لمخلفات الرعاية الصحية ومنهج تدريبي موحد.
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